Kalmykia Travel Guide

Discover Kalmykia, a little-known destination in Southern Russia, and explore its cultural and natural attractions, hiking and biking routes, local food and drink scene, accommodations, and more.


Introduction to Kalmykia

Nestled in the southern part of Russia, Kalmykia is a hidden gem that offers a unique travel experience for those who seek to explore beyond the beaten path. Known for its rich cultural heritage and beautiful natural landscape, Kalmykia has a lot to offer for travelers who are interested in history, nature, and adventure.

The region is home to the Kalmyks, a Mongolian ethnic group who have inhabited the area for centuries. With its distinct cultural identity and traditions, Kalmykia offers a fascinating insight into the lives of these nomadic people. It’s also worth noting that Kalmykia is the only Buddhist region in Europe, making it an interesting destination for spiritual travelers.

List of Places to Visit in Kalmykia

When it comes to things to see and do in Kalmykia, the region does not disappoint. From historical landmarks to outdoor adventures, here are some of the top attractions to add to your itinerary:

Culturally Important Attractions: Museums and Historical Places

Kalmyk National Museum of Local Lore and History

Located in the capital city of Elista, the Kalmyk National Museum of Local Lore and History is an excellent place to start your cultural tour of Kalmykia. The museum showcases the region’s history, traditions, and lifestyle through exhibits of traditional costumes, household items, and handicrafts. You’ll also find displays about the Kalmyk people’s role in the Great Patriotic War (WWII) and their contributions to the development of the region.

Chess City in Elista

Another must-visit attraction in Elista is Chess City, a complex dedicated to the game of chess and its popularity among the Kalmyk people. The centerpiece of Chess City is a massive chessboard with 64 statues of chess pieces, making it the largest chess set in the world. The complex also includes a museum, a library, and a hall for hosting chess tournaments.

Burkhan Bakshin Altan Sume

Located in the remote countryside of Kalmykia, Burkhan Bakshin Altan Sume is one of the few Buddhist temples in Europe. The temple, also known as the Golden Abode of the Buddha Shakyamuni, is a sacred pilgrimage site for followers of Buddhism. Visitors can admire the intricate architecture and decorations of the temple and participate in meditation and prayer sessions.

Natural Attractions of Kalmykia: Outdoor Adventures and Scenic Views

Lake Manych-Gudilo

One of Kalmykia’s most picturesque natural attractions is Lake Manych-Gudilo, a saltwater lake surrounded by rolling hills and rugged cliffs. The lake is a popular spot for fishing and birdwatching, as it is home to many species of birds, including flamingos, pelicans, and swans. Visitors can also take scenic walks along the lake’s shore and enjoy the calming atmosphere of the area.

The Black Earth Steppe Reserve

Covering over 600,000 hectares, the Black Earth Steppe Reserve is a vast wilderness area that boasts a diverse ecosystem of grasslands, forests, and wetlands. The reserve is home to rare and endangered species such as the European bison, the black stork, and the steppe eagle. Visitors can go on guided tours or self-guided hikes to explore the reserve’s unique flora and fauna.

Khongor-Nuur Nature Reserve

For a more challenging outdoor adventure, head to the Khongor-Nuur Nature Reserve, a rugged desert landscape that’s perfect for off-road driving, hiking, and camping. The reserve is known for its towering sand dunes that stretch for miles, providing breathtaking views of the surrounding desert.

Hiking/Biking Routes of Kalmykia

Kalmykia has plenty of options for hiking and biking enthusiasts, with well-maintained trails that take you through stunning natural landscapes and historical landmarks. Here are some of the top routes to consider:

  • The Elista Trekking Trail: A 16-km hiking trail that takes you through the countryside of Elista, passing by traditional Kalmyk villages, farmlands, and Buddhist temples.

  • The Derkul Mountain Hiking Trail: A challenging 20-km hike that takes you to the top of Derkul Mountain, offering panoramic views of the surrounding steppe landscape.

  • The Yashkul Lake Biking Trail: A 30-km bike ride that takes you along the shores of Yashkul Lake, passing by sandy beaches, reed beds, and birdwatching spots.

Best Things to Do in Kalmykia: Activities and Tours

In addition to hiking, biking, and visiting cultural and natural attractions, here are some other activities and tours that you can enjoy in Kalmykia:

  • Horseback riding tours: Explore the countryside of Kalmykia on horseback and immerse yourself in the nomadic way of life.

  • Birdwatching tours: Kalmykia is a haven for birdwatchers, and you can join guided tours to spot rare and endangered bird species.

  • Traditional Kalmyk cuisine workshops: Learn how to cook traditional Kalmyk dishes, such as buuz (steamed dumplings), boortsog (fried dough), and tsuivan (noodle soup), in workshops led by local chefs.

Week-Long Itinerary for Kalmykia

If you’re planning to spend a week in Kalmykia, here’s a sample itinerary that covers the region’s top attractions:

Day 1: Arrival in Elista, visit the Kalmyk National Museum of Local Lore and History, and explore the city’s Buddhist temples and monuments.

Day 2: Drive to Lake Manych-Gudilo, go fishing and birdwatching, and take a picnic lunch on the lakeshore.

Day 3: Visit the city of Lagan and its historical landmarks, including the Lagan Historical and Cultural Museum Reserve and the Lagan Hydrotechnical Museum.

Day 4: Go on a guided tour of the Black Earth Steppe Reserve, hike through the grasslands, and see the rare European bison.

Day 5: Visit Burkhan Bakshin Altan Sume and participate in meditation and prayer sessions, drive to the nearby Khongor-Nuur Nature Reserve, and go on an off-road adventure.

Day 6: Take a horseback riding tour, visit the Kalmykian Steppe Biosphere Reserve, and learn about the unique flora and fauna of the region.

Day 7: Departure from Elista, with a stop at the Chess City complex and the souvenir shops in the city center.

Food and Drink Scene of Kalmykia

No visit to Kalmykia would be complete without trying the region’s delicious local cuisine and beverages. Here are some of the must-try dishes and drinks:

Must-Try Dishes

  • Buuz: Steamed dumplings filled with mutton, onions, and spices.

  • Boortsog: Fried dough served as a snack or dessert, often accompanied by tea.

  • Tsuivan: Noodle soup made with meat and vegetables, popular among nomads for its hearty and comforting quality.

Local Beverages

  • Airag: A fermented milk drink made from mare’s milk, with a sour and slightly alcoholic taste.

  • Shorin: A tea made from indigenous herbs and flowers, with a refreshing and soothing flavor.

  • Kalmykian wine: A wine made from local grape varieties, with a distinct aroma and flavor profile.

Where to Stay in Kalmykia: Hotels, Hostels, and Guesthouses

Despite being a less touristy destination, Kalmykia offers a range of accommodations to suit every budget and preference. Here are some of the best options:

  • Hotel Asia: A modern hotel in Elista that offers comfortable rooms and suites, a fitness center, and a restaurant serving Kalmykian and European cuisine.

  • Hostel Nochlezhka: A cozy and affordable hostel in the heart of Elista, with comfortable dorms and private rooms, a communal kitchen, and a garden.

  • Guesthouse Marmara: A traditional Kalmykian-style guesthouse in the village of Marmara, with tastefully decorated rooms, a restaurant serving homemade food, and a tranquil courtyard.

What to Buy in Kalmykia: Souvenirs and Local Products to Bring Home

If you’re looking for unique souvenirs and gifts, Kalmykia offers a range of local products that reflect the region’s culture and traditions. Here are some ideas:

  • Kalmykian carpets: Hand-woven carpets and rugs made from local wool, adorned with intricate motifs and patterns.

  • Buddhist artifacts: Statues, prayer flags, and other spiritual items from the region’s Buddhist temples and monasteries.

  • Kalmykian honey: Natural honey from local beehives that’s known for its rich flavor and medicinal properties.

  • Handicrafts: Handmade pottery, jewelry, and textiles that showcase the traditional crafts of the Kalmyk people.

Local Culture and Customs of Kalmykia

As a region with a rich cultural heritage, Kalmykia has many customs and traditions that are unique to its people. Some of the most notable ones include:

  • Nomadic lifestyle: Many Kalmyks still follow a traditional way of life, living in felt yurts and raising livestock such as horses and camels.

  • Buddhism: As the only Buddhist region in Europe, Kalmykia has a strong Buddhist presence, with numerous temples and monasteries that play a significant role in the local community.

  • Hospitality: Kalmyks are known for their warm and welcoming nature, and visitors can expect to be treated to generous hospitality and hospitality customs.

Best Time to Visit Kalmykia

The best time to visit Kalmykia is between May and October when the weather is warm and sunny, and most of the outdoor attractions are accessible. Keep in mind that the summer months can be quite hot and dry, with temperatures reaching up to 30℃. If you’re interested in winter sports and activities, you can visit Kalmykia in December to February, when the region experiences snowfall and offers opportunities for skiing and ice fishing.

Do’s and Don’ts of Kalmykia

To make the most of your Kalmykia experience, here are some do’s and don’ts to keep in mind:

Do:

  • Respect the local customs and culture, such as removing your shoes before entering a Buddhist temple.

  • Try the local dishes and beverages, as they offer a unique taste of Kalmykia’s culinary scene.

  • Take the time to interact with locals and learn about their way of life and traditions.

Don’t:

  • Disrespect religious sites or artifacts, such as taking photographs of prayers or touching sacred objects without permission.

  • Engage in activities that harm the environment or wildlife, such as littering or disturbing nesting birds.

  • Dress inappropriately, especially when visiting religious sites or attending formal events.

Safety and Health

Kalmykia is generally a safe destination for travelers, with low crime rates and friendly locals. However, as with any destination, it’s always important to take precautions and keep your belongings safe.

Safety in Kalmykia

  • Travel with a reputable tour operator or guide, especially for remote areas where navigation can be challenging.

  • Avoid walking alone at night in urban areas, especially in less busy areas.

  • Be cautious when crossing roads, as drivers in some areas might not follow traffic rules.

Health in Kalmykia

  • Make sure to drink bottled water or other safe sources of water to avoid bacterial infections.

  • Protect yourself from mosquito bites by wearing repellent and covering exposed skin during the summer months.

  • Be aware of potential altitude sickness if you’re planning to visit high-altitude areas.

Getting to Kalmykia: Transportation Options and Logistics

Kalmykia is accessible by various means of transportation, including air, bus, and train. Here are some of the options to consider:

Airports Near Kalmykia

  • Elista Airport: The main airport in Kalmykia, located in the capital city of Elista, with connections to Moscow and other Russian cities.

  • Volgograd International Airport: The nearest international airport to Kalmykia, located around 400 km away, with connections to various destinations in Russia and Europe.

Bus Stations Near Kalmykia

  • Elista Bus Station: The main bus station in Kalmykia, offering connections to nearby cities and towns.

  • Volgograd Bus Station: The nearest bus station to Kalmykia, located in the city of Volgograd, with connections to various destinations across Russia.

Other Options

  • Train: Kalmykia is accessible by train, with connections to Moscow and other Russian cities from the nearest train stations in Volgograd and Astrakhan.

  • Car: You can rent a car in Volgograd or Elista to explore Kalmykia at your own pace, although driving can be challenging in some areas due to rugged terrain and lack of paved roads.

How to Get Around in Kalmykia

Once you’re in Kalmykia, you can get around by various means of transportation, including:

  • Taxi: Taxis are available in urban areas and can be arranged through hotels or taxi ranks.

  • Bus: Local buses operate between cities and towns in Kalmykia, although the schedules can be irregular.

  • Car rental: You can rent a car in Elista or other major cities to explore the region at your own pace.

  • Bicycle rental: Bicycles are available for rent in some areas, such as Elista, for those who prefer eco-friendly transportation.

Where to Go Next from Kalmykia: Nearby Destinations and Excursions

If you’re planning to continue your trip after Kalmykia, here are some nearby destinations and excursions to consider:

  • Astrakhan: A city located on the banks of the River Volga, known for its historic landmarks and cultural heritage.

  • Volgograd: A city that’s famous for its World War II history, including the Battle of Stalingrad, and its impressive monuments and memorials.

  • The Caspian Sea: Kalmykia is located near the Caspian Sea, which offers opportunities for beach vacations, fishing, and boating.

Conclusion

Kalmykia is a fascinating destination that offers a unique blend of culture, history, nature, and adventure. With its beautiful natural landscapes, interesting cultural landmarks, and delicious local cuisine, Kalmykia is a perfect destination for travelers who want to escape the crowds and explore the hidden gems of Russia. We hope this comprehensive travel guide has inspired you to visit Kalmykia and make the most of your trip.

A giant chess set in Kalmykia's capital, Elista A giant chess set in Kalmykia's capital, Elista


    Elista