Xinjiang Travel Guide

Read this comprehensive travel guide to Xinjiang, China that includes information on the best places to visit, things to do, where to eat and stay, local culture and customs, safety and health, transportation, and nearby destinations to explore.


Introduction to Xinjiang

Xinjiang is a vast region in Northwestern China, characterized by arid deserts, towering mountains, and a rich and diverse cultural heritage. The region is inclusive of over 22 different ethnic groups, including the Uighurs, Han Chinese, Kazakhs, Mongols, and Tibetans.

Its breathtaking natural landscapes, which include the snow-capped peaks of Tian Shan, the Taklamakan Desert, and the stunning turquoise lakes, make it an ideal destination for outdoor enthusiasts, while its unique cultural attractions appeal to history lovers and those interested in learning more about China’s diverse cultural heritage.

In this comprehensive travel guide to Xinjiang, we’ll provide you with an array of places to visit, things to do, what to eat and drink, where to stay, and much more!

List of Places to Visit in Xinjiang

Xinjiang is a vast and diverse region with a wide range of cultural and natural attractions to explore. Here are some of the top places worth visiting:

Culturally Important Attractions: Museums and Historical Places

  • The Xinjiang Regional Museum - Located in the capital city of Urumqi, the Xinjiang Regional Museum is a must-visit destination for history buffs who wish to learn more about China’s diverse cultural heritage, including that of the Uighur ethnic group.

  • Id Kah Mosque - Situated in the oasis city of Kashgar, the Id Kah Mosque is one of the largest in China and a prime example of Islamic architecture. Fridays are the busiest day, and it is recommended to arrive early to experience the local customs and traditions.

  • Karez Irrigation System - The Karez Irrigation System is an engineering masterpiece from China’s ancient past. It is a series of underground water tunnels that have been providing life to the desert for over two thousand years. The best place to witness this marvel is Turpan City.

Natural Attractions of Xinjiang: Outdoor Adventures and Scenic Views

  • Tianchi (Heavenly Lake) - Nestled at the foot of Tianshan Mountain, Tianchi Lake is surrounded by snow-capped peaks and lush greenery. Visitors can enjoy hiking, boating, and picnicking.

  • The Flaming Mountains - The Flaming Mountains are a vast and rugged expanse of rocky terrain that stretches over 1000 km. Famous due to the Chinese novel Journey to the West, these mountains offer a once in a lifetime opportunity to witness a breathtaking sunrise.

  • The Karakoram Highway - The Karakoram Highway is an incredibly scenic drive that stretches from China to Pakistan, covering hundreds of kilometers of jaw-dropping mountain passes and sweeping valleys.

Hiking/Biking Routes of Xinjiang

  • The Silk Road Expedition - This journey starts from the city of Urumqi and takes you through the heart of the ancient Silk Road trade route. It covers around 2,000 km and can be done on a bike or on foot. It passes through breathtaking landscapes with high mountain ranges, ancient ruins, and fascinating local cultures.

  • Hiking in the Altai Mountains - The Altai Mountains span across China, Mongolia, Russia, and Kazakhstan. These mountains offer a scenic hiking opportunity, and the landscapes here are truly unforgettable.

Best Things to Do in Xinjiang: Activities and Tours

  • Camel Riding in the Gobi Desert - Located in the city of Dunhuang, the Gobi Desert is a truly unique landscape characterized by rolling sand dunes, towering mountains, and endless desert vistas. Camel riding is a popular activity here.

  • The Xinjiang International Dance Festival - This festival is held every year in Urumqi and features traditional dances and costumes from different parts of Xinjiang.

  • Going on a Food Tour - Experience the diversity and richness of the Xinjiang food scene by trying local delicacies such as lamb skewers, hand-pulled noodles, pilaf, and more.

Week-Long Itinerary for Xinjiang

  • Day 1 - Start your day exploring the Xinjiang Regional Museum, followed by an afternoon visit to the International Bazaar in Urumqi.

  • Days 2-4 - Embark on the 2-day Karakoram Highway tour through the stunning Mountain range that borders China and Pakistan.

  • Day 5 - Travel to Kashgar and visit Id Kah Mosque as well as other nearby markets and museums.

  • Days 6-7 - Explore more significant historical and natural attractions around Kashgar, such as the Karez irrigation system and the stunning Tashkorgan.

Food and Drink Scene of Xinjiang

Must-Try Dishes

  • Lamb Skewers (Yang Rou Chua’r) - These flavorful, juicy skewers are the backbone of the Xinjiang food scene and can be found on every street corner.

  • Hand-Pulled Noodles (Lamian) - These noodles are stretched and twisted by hand, resulting in a perfect texture and taste.

  • Pilaf (Polu) - A traditional dish that uses Xinjiang’s unique spices to flavor rice and meat.

Local Beverages

  • Kumis - A sour, slightly alcoholic horse milk drink that is a specialty of the region.

  • Black Beer (Hei Pi) - A unique Xinjiang brew that uses traditional Chinese herbs in its recipe.

Where to Stay in Xinjiang: Hotels, Hostels, and Guesthouses

  • Silk Road Lodges - These lodges are located in traditional Uighur houses and offer a unique and authentic experience.

  • Hilton Urumqi - A luxury hotel located in the heart of Urumqi, offering a range of facilities and services.

  • Muztagh Hotel Kashgar - Located in Kashgar city center, this hotel offers an authentic taste of local culture with comfortable rooms and amenities.

What to Buy in Xinjiang: Souvenirs and Local Products to Bring Home

  • Handcrafts - The region is famous for its intricate: carpets, embroidered clothing, metalwork, and musical instruments, all of which make for great souvenirs.

  • Jade - Xinjiang is renowned for its exquisite jade, so if you’re looking to invest in high-quality gemstones, this is an excellent destination to do so.

Local Culture and Customs of Xinjiang

  • Language - In the region, the primary language spoken is Uighur, with Mandarin being the secondary language used widely.

  • Etiquette - Respect the local customs and dress modestly, particularly in more conservative areas such as Kashgar. Remove shoes when entering mosques, as is the local tradition.

Best Time to Visit Xinjiang

The best times to visit Xinjiang are in the spring and fall months (April - June, September - November), as the weather is mild and relatively comfortable for outdoor activities. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are harsh and snow-bound.

Do’s and Don’ts of Xinjiang

Do:

  • Do try local food and delicacies, including the lamb skewers and the hand-pulled noodles.

  • Do visit the ancient cities and ruins of the Silk Road.

  • Do respect the local culture and customs.

Don’t:

  • Don’t take photos without permission, particularly of people, as it is considered impolite.

  • Don’t venture out into the desert without a guide.

  • Don’t discuss sensitive political topics such as religion or government policies with locals.

Safety and Health

Safety in Xinjiang

The region is well-secured by the Chinese government and generally safe for travelers, with the main concern being frequent police checkpoints. However, it is advised to be cautious while traveling around areas close to the border with Kazakhstan and Pakistan.

Health in Xinjiang

Visitors are required to have their vaccinations up-to-date before traveling to Xinjiang. It is essential to take the necessary precautions while consuming food and water to avoid common emergencies like food poisoning.

Getting to Xinjiang: Transportation Options and Logistics

Airports Near Xinjiang

  • Urumqi Diwopu International Airport (URC) - The largest airport in Xinjiang, serving both domestic and international flights.

  • Kashgar Airport (KHG) - A small airport located in Kashgar with mostly domestic flights.

Bus Stations Near Xinjiang

  • Urumqi South Bus Station - Multiple regional bus routes are available from this station.

  • Kashgar South Bus Station - A convenient way to get around Kashgar and access other locations on the Karakoram Highway.

Other Options

  • The train service: The Lanzhou-Urumqi High-speed railway has already been opened, and now offers an accessible, clean and comfortable journey from Lanzhou to Urumqi, taking around 10 hours.

How to Get Around in Xinjiang

The most convenient ways of getting around Xinjiang are by private car (with driver) or public transport services like taxis or buses. However, should you wish to explore remote areas, engaging a local guide or hiring a car will be beneficial.

Where to Go Next from Xinjiang: Nearby Destinations and Excursions

  • Kashgar to Kyrgyzstan - A fascinating journey through the mountains and valleys of the Silk Road, culminating in the resplendent blue waters of Lake Issyk Kul.

  • Turpan to Dunhuang - A diverse adventure journeying through the arid desert of China’s western frontier, visiting ancient fortresses and famous temples like The Mogao Caves.

Conclusion

Xinjiang is a place that has become increasingly accessible and appealing to tourists in recent years. Whether it’s the culture or the outdoor activities, there is a lot to explore and discover in Xinjiang, making it one of the most fascinating and diverse regions in China. So plan your trip, get your gear together, and immerse yourself in the wonders of this hidden gem on the Silk Road!

Afaq Khoja Mausoleum, one of the holiest Muslim sites in China. Afaq Khoja Mausoleum, one of the holiest Muslim sites in China. A sign in both Uyghur (top) and Mandarin Chinese (bottom) A sign in both Uyghur (top) and Mandarin Chinese (bottom) Uyghur kebabs being prepared. Uyghur kebabs being prepared.


    Dzungarian
    Tarim