Karakum Travel Guide

Plan your next trip to Karakum with this comprehensive travel guide that includes everything from must-visit attractions and hiking/biking routes to local customs and safety tips.


Are you looking for a unique travel experience that will take you off-the-beaten-path? Look no further than Karakum! Nestled in the Ahal Province of Turkmenistan, this Central Asian gem is brimming with cultural and natural attractions, hiking and biking routes, and delicious local cuisine.

Introduction to Karakum

Karakum is a region in Turkmenistan that is home to the Karakum Desert, the largest sand desert in the world. Despite its arid landscape, Karakum is rich in history and culture, with ancient artifacts and historical sites scattered throughout the region. Additionally, Karakum is home to several unique natural wonders, including underground lakes and flaming gas craters that are unlike anything else in the world.

List of Places to Visit in Karakum

Culturally Important Attractions: Museums and Historical Places

  • Nisa: This ancient fortress was once the capital of the Parthian Empire and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visitors can explore the ruins of the palace, temples, and defensive walls while enjoying panoramic views of the surrounding countryside.
  • Merv: Also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Merv was once one of the largest cities in the world and an important center of trade and culture. Its well-preserved ruins include several mosques, mausoleums, and madrassas (Islamic schools).
  • Gonur Depe: This Bronze Age archaeological site is said to be one of the most significant discoveries of the 21st century. Visitors can view a range of artifacts, including pottery, tools, and jewelry that offer insight into the daily lives of the ancient inhabitants of the region.

Natural Attractions of Karakum: Outdoor Adventures and Scenic Views

  • Darvaza Gas Crater: Known as the “Door to Hell,” this flaming gas crater has been burning for over 40 years and is a sight to behold. Visitors can watch the flames dance against the dark sky at night and take in the spectacular scenery during the day.
  • Karakum Canal: This 1,400-kilometer-long canal stretches across Turkmenistan and provides irrigation for the region’s agricultural industry. Visitors can take a boat tour to view the surrounding landscape and learn about the canal’s history and impact on the region’s economy.
  • Kowata Underground Lake: This stunning underground lake is located in the Karakum Desert and is only accessible through a narrow cave system. Visitors can explore the caves and swim in the crystal-clear waters of the lake.

Hiking/Biking Routes of Karakum

  • Kopet Dag: This mountain range on the border of Turkmenistan and Iran offers several hiking opportunities, including a climb to the top of Mount Shah, the highest peak in Turkmenistan. The trail offers stunning views of the surrounding valleys and villages.
  • Kugitang Mountains: Located in the eastern part of Turkmenistan, this mountain range boasts challenging hiking trails as well as scenic views of the surrounding landscape.
  • Nohur Lake: This picturesque lake in the foothills of the Kopet Dag Mountains offers a scenic route for biking enthusiasts. The trail follows the lake’s perimeter and offers beautiful views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.

Best Things to Do in Karakum: Activities and Tours

  • Nomadic Culture Tour: Visitors can experience the life of a Turkmen nomad by taking a guided tour of a yurt (traditional tent) and learning about the nomadic way of life.
  • Horseback Riding Tour: Horseback riding is a popular way to explore the Karakum region and offers a unique vantage point to take in the stunning scenery.
  • Cultural Tour: For those interested in history and culture, a guided tour of the ancient ruins and historical sites of the region is a must-do activity.

Week-Long Itinerary for Karakum

Day Activity
1 Visit Nisa and explore the ancient ruins
2 Take a tour of Merv and learn about its rich history
3 Climb Kopet Dag and enjoy the stunning views
4 Explore the Darvaza Gas Crater at night
5 Visit the Kowata Underground Lake and swim in its crystal-clear waters
6 Take a horseback riding tour of the surrounding landscape
7 Enjoy a cultural tour of the region’s historical sites

Food and Drink Scene of Karakum

Must-Try Dishes

  • Plov: This traditional Central Asian rice dish is a staple of the Karakum region and is typically made with lamb or beef and a variety of vegetables and spices.
  • Borsh: This hearty soup is made with beets, potatoes, and meat and is a popular dish throughout Turkmenistan.
  • Somsa: These baked or fried pastries are filled with meat, onions, and potatoes and are a popular snack in the region.

Local Beverages

  • Chai: Tea is the national drink of Turkmenistan and is often served in small glasses with sugar and lemon.
  • Akçaabat: This traditional drink is made from sour milk, water, and salt and is often enjoyed as a refreshing drink during hot summer days.

Where to Stay in Karakum: Hotels, Hostels, and Guesthouses

  • Grand Turkmen Hotel: This large hotel offers comfortable rooms and is located in the heart of Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan.
  • Tourist Hotel: This budget-friendly option is centrally located and offers basic rooms and amenities.
  • Hoxha Guesthouse: This traditional guesthouse is located in the village of Nohur and offers a unique cultural experience for visitors.

What to Buy in Karakum: Souvenirs and Local Products to Bring Home

  • Rugs: Turkmen rugs are world-renowned for their unique patterns and quality craftsmanship.
  • Jewelry: Turkmen jewelry is often made of silver and features intricate designs and patterns.
  • Camel Milk Products: Camel milk is a staple of the Karakum region and is used to make a variety of delicious products, including cheese and yogurt.

Local Culture and Customs of Karakum

Turkmenistan is a conservative Muslim country, and visitors should dress modestly and be respectful of local customs and traditions. Additionally, it is common to remove your shoes before entering a home or mosque and to shake hands with both hands when greeting someone.

Best Time to Visit Karakum

The best time to visit Karakum is in the spring or fall when the weather is milder and more comfortable for outdoor activities. The summer months can be very hot, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C, and winter can be cold, with occasional snowfall.

Do’s and Don’ts of Karakum

Do:

  • Dress modestly and respectfully.
  • Remove your shoes before entering a home or mosque.
  • Shake hands with both hands when greeting someone.

Don’t:

  • Show public displays of affection.
  • Take photographs of government buildings or military personnel without permission.
  • Drink tap water.

Safety and Health

Safety in Karakum

Like many developing countries, Karakum can be subject to petty theft and scams targeted at tourists. Visitors should avoid carrying large amounts of cash and be cautious when using credit cards. Additionally, visitors should be vigilant when crossing the street, as traffic rules are not always followed.

Health in Karakum

Visitors should be up-to-date on routine vaccinations and should consult with a healthcare provider for information on additional vaccinations that may be recommended for travel to Turkmenistan. Visitors should also avoid drinking tap water and only consume bottled water and beverages.

Getting to Karakum: Transportation Options and Logistics

Airports Near Karakum

The closest international airport to Karakum is Ashgabat International Airport, which is located approximately 17 km outside of the capital city of Ashgabat.

Bus Stations Near Karakum

Turkmenistan has a well-developed network of bus routes, with several bus stations in and around Ashgabat that offer service to neighboring cities and towns.

Other Options

Visitors can also explore the region by car or bike, although it is recommended that visitors have experience driving in developing countries before attempting to navigate the busy streets of Turkmenistan.

How to Get Around in Karakum

Taxis are widely available in the major cities and towns of Karakum and are generally safe and affordable. Visitors can also rent a car or bike to explore the region on their own.

Where to Go Next from Karakum: Nearby Destinations and Excursions

  • Turkmenbashi: This coastal city is located on the Caspian Sea and is known for its beautiful beaches and seafood restaurants.
  • Dashoguz: This city in northern Turkmenistan is home to several historical sites, including the Kunya-Urgench ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Mary: This city in southeastern Turkmenistan is known for its well-preserved Silk Road-era ruins and museum.

Conclusion

Karakum is a hidden gem in the heart of Central Asia that offers a wealth of cultural and natural attractions, outdoor adventures, and delicious local cuisine. Whether you’re interested in exploring ancient ruins, hiking in the mountains, or simply enjoying the unique local culture, Karakum has something for everyone. So pack your bags and book your trip to Karakum today!

The Door to Hell from afar. The Door to Hell from afar. The Derweze gas crater at night The Derweze gas crater at night Traditional fried bread served in Erbent Traditional fried bread served in Erbent Camels in Erbent. Fermented camel milk is a traditional drink of the region. Camels in Erbent. Fermented camel milk is a traditional drink of the region.