Turkmenistan Travel Guide

Explore the rich culture and natural wonders of Turkmenistan with our comprehensive travel guide, featuring top attractions, food and drink, accommodations, cultural customs, transportation options, and more.


Turkmenistan, an enigmatic country in Central Asia, is a land of breathtaking landscapes, ancient history, and rich cultural heritage. Known for its stunning deserts, ancient silk road cities, and intriguing modern architecture, this country entices travelers with its hidden gems waiting to be explored. In this comprehensive travel guide, we will take you on a journey from the historically significant museums to the natural wonders, from the local cuisine to the hospitable accommodations, and from the cultural customs to the logistics of getting around.

Introduction to Turkmenistan

Located in central Asia, Turkmenistan has a long and rich history that dates back to the ancient times of the Silk Road. With its beautiful landscapes, fascinating culture, and unique blend of modern and ancient architecture, Turkmenistan is a truly remarkable place to visit. This mysterious land offers a fascinating experience for those who are willing to explore its secrets.

List of Places to Visit in Turkmenistan

Culturally Important Attractions: Museums and Historical Places

  • The National Museum of Turkmenistan: This museum, located in the capital city of Ashgabat, is a must-see for travelers interested in the country’s culture and history. The museum boasts an extensive collection of artifacts, including ceramics, metalwork, carpets, and clothing.

  • The Nisa Fortresses: These ancient ruins, located just outside of Ashgabat, were once the bastion of the Parthian Empire. Today, they stand as a testament to the country’s rich history and architectural legacy.

  • The Konye-Urgench: This UNESCO World Heritage site comprises a collection of ancient monuments and mausoleums, showcasing a blend of craftsmanship from Iran, Central Asia, and the Islamic world.

Natural Attractions of Turkmenistan: Outdoor Adventures and Scenic Views

  • The Darvaza Gas Crater: Popularly referred to as the “Door to Hell”, this mesmerizing natural phenomenon is a massive burning gas crater in the midst of a desert. The fiery orange light and the mesmerizing views against the surrounding darkness make it a surreal place to visit.

  • The Yangikala Canyon: Surrounded by dazzling red and orange-colored rocks, the Yangikala Canyon offers a unique insight into some of the country’s diverse terrain. It can be explored by both foot and horseback.

  • The Balkan Mountains: This majestic mountain range runs through the west of Turkmenistan, offering stunning views, hiking and trekking routes, and opportunities for outdoor adventure.

Hiking/Biking Routes of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has several scenic bike trails that can take you through the countryside, deserts, and lush valleys. The most popular biking and hiking routes include:

  • The Karakum Highway
  • The Pamir Mountains
  • The Kugitang Mountains

Best Things to Do in Turkmenistan: Activities and Tours

Apart from the natural and cultural attractions, Turkmenistan also offers several activities and tours, including:

  • Horse Riding Tours
  • Camel Rides
  • Desert Safaris
  • City Tours
  • Traditional Folk Shows

Week-Long Itinerary for Turkmenistan

Here’s a suggested itinerary for a week-long trip to Turkmenistan:

  • Day 1: Arrive in Ashgabat and explore the National Museum.
  • Day 2: Visit the ancient ruins of Nisa Fortresses and the Konye-Urgench.
  • Day 3: Explore the stunningly beautiful Yangikala Canyon.
  • Day 4: Take a day trip to the Darvaza Gas Crater.
  • Day 5: Hike in the Kugitang Mountains.
  • Day 6: Take a horse riding tour in the countryside.
  • Day 7: Depart from Ashgabat.

Food and Drink Scene of Turkmenistan

Turkmen cuisine is a fusion of Central Asian and Middle Eastern flavors, with a wide range of dishes that reflect the country’s culture and history. Some must-try dishes include:

Must-Try Dishes

  • Palaw: A classic Central Asian pilaf served with meat, vegetables, and rice.
  • Bashlyk: Grilled mutton kebabs served with bread and herbs.
  • Chorba: A unique soup made with lamb, chickpeas, and vegetables.

Local Beverages

  • Chal: This traditional yogurt beverage is a popular and refreshing antidote to the hot desert sun.
  • Shor: This is a salty dairy beverage that is often consumed as a post-meal refreshment.

Where to Stay in Turkmenistan: Hotels, Hostels, and Guesthouses

Turkmenistan offers various accommodation options that cater to different budgets, preferences, and travel styles. Some of the best places to stay include:

  • Mövenpick Hotel: One of the most luxurious hotels in Ashgabat, the Movenpick offers an array of amenities like spas, pools, and fitness centers.
  • Yyldyz Hotel: This five-star hotel located in the heart of Ashgabat offers panoramic views from its rooftop restaurant.
  • Guest House Elena: A family-run guesthouse located in the Old Town of Nisa, this place offers a cozy and friendly stay experience.

What to Buy in Turkmenistan: Souvenirs and Local Products to Bring Home

Turkmenistan is home to a wide range of local products and souvenirs that make perfect gifts for friends and family or mementos to add to your own collection. Some of these include:

  • Turkmen Carpets: These handmade carpets are famous worldwide for their intricate designs and vivid colors.
  • Leather Products: Turkmenistan is known for its excellent quality leather goods like belts, jackets, and hats.
  • Jewelry: Turkmen silversmiths are known for their exquisite designs and craftsmanship, making pieces that reflect the unique cultural heritage of the country.

Local Culture and Customs of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has a distinct and fascinating culture that has been shaped by centuries of historical events and cultural exchanges. The Turkmen people are hospitable and friendly, and you’ll find that they value traditions and customs that reflect their unique heritage.

Best Time to Visit Turkmenistan

The best time to visit Turkmenistan is during the autumn and winter months when the weather is mild and comfortable. The spring months can also be a good time to visit, with warmer temperatures and a variety of festivals and events to enjoy.

Do’s and Don’ts of Turkmenistan

Do:

  • Dress modestly and respectfully, especially when visiting religious or cultural sites.
  • Respect local customs and traditions.
  • Show hospitality and kindness to the local people.

Don’t:

  • Take photos of military or government buildings.
  • Bring or use drugs.
  • Engage in political discussions or controversial topics.

Safety and Health

Safety in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is considered a safe country to visit, with a low crime rate and friendly people willing to help tourists. However, travelers should always be vigilant and take safety precautions like avoiding late-night walks alone, carrying a copy of your passport at all times, and using reputable transportation.

Health in Turkmenistan

Travelers should ensure they have all the necessary vaccinations before visiting Turkmenistan, including Hepatitis A and B and typhoid. Medical facilities in Turkmenistan are limited, and it’s advisable to carry a comprehensive medical insurance policy that covers any medical emergencies.

Getting to Turkmenistan: Transportation Options and Logistics

Turkmenistan has an international airport located just outside of Ashgabat. International flights connect to destinations like Moscow, Dubai, and Istanbul. Additionally, Turkmenistan is connected to neighboring countries by rail and road.

Airports Near Turkmenistan

  • Ashgabat International Airport
  • Turkmenbashi International Airport

Bus Stations Near Turkmenistan

  • Daşoguz Bus Station
  • Mary Bus Station

Other Options

  • Train from Uzbekistan
  • Bus from Iran

How to Get Around in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan offers various transportation options that cater to different budgets, preferences, and travel styles. The most popular options include:

  • Private drivers/taxis
  • Public buses
  • Trains

Where to Go Next from Turkmenistan: Nearby Destinations and Excursions

Turkmenistan neighbors several countries that offer a wealth of opportunities for further exploration. Some popular nearby destinations include:

  • Uzbekistan: Visit the ancient city of Samarkand, Bukhara, or Tashkent.
  • Iran: Explore the stunning Persepolis, the colorful city of Isfahan, or the vibrant Tehran.
  • Kazakhstan: Delve into the beauty of the Altai Mountains or the bustling city of Almaty.

Conclusion

Turkmenistan is a fascinating destination that offers a wealth of opportunities for adventure, exploration, and cultural education. Whether you want to explore ancient ruins, hike through scenic mountains, or experience the local cuisine and customs, Turkmenistan has something to offer for everyone. So, pack your bags and set out on a journey to one of the most intriguing destinations in Central Asia.

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    Ahal Province
    Balkan Province
    Dashoguz Province
    Lebap Province
    Mary Province